GDP by 2% per year under "business-as usual" assumptions, with much higher growth rates (18% annually) arising if artificial general intelligence emerges. More modest, but still optimistic, assessments come from Acemoglu (2024), who estimates that Al could increase GDP by 0.92% to 1.6% in total over the next ten years, corresponding to roughly 0.55 percentage points of additional productivity growth. Goldman Sachs (2023) estimates that Al could raise global GDP by 7% over a ten-year adoption period, driven by an increase in annual productivity growth of around 1.5 percentage points. Aghion and Bunel (2024) place Al's impact between these estimates, suggesting that Al could boost aggregate Institute projects an even larger contribution, suggesting that Al and other automation technologies could lift global productivity growth by 0.5 to 3.4 percentage points per year over the period through to 2040 (McKinsey, 2023). The emerging consensus is that Al's linkages are considered. This approach recognises that a boost in productivity in one sector