years. In Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states, absolute emissions grew at more than twice the global rate (see Exhibit 1). At the same time, power emissions intensity decreased at a slower However, this trend is not uniform across SEA. Indonesia and Vietnam were major drivers of emissions growth, with total power-related emissions growth of 35% and 49%, respectively, from 2016 to 2023. In contrast, Thailand's domestic power-related emissions decreased by 2.5% over the same period as demand growth was largely met by imports.3 See Exhibit 2 for the country-level trends from 2013 to 2023. Note: MtcO2e = million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. RMI Graphic. Sources: “Ember Electricity Data Explorer,” ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/; and RMl analysis