Figure 4.12 | Global concentration of non-fuel minerals production by mineral group, 2023

sowon ienpiu mous saus ai au alm 'saowwo ssooe anen ih ueipau au saeu! uod aui dnoa jenaus belonging to each group. The dashed vertical line marks the HHI threshold of 0.25, often used to indicate a high level of market lithium, and other key raw materials. Oceania and Northern America, and non-ferrous metals. Europe maintains a diverse mineral portfolio, with meaningful shares of all depicted mineral groups. These regional value chains, owing to the economic significance and wide-ranging industrial applications of these mineral groups. atively balanced when assessed by overall economic value, a more tration in production volumes, linked to a limited number of pro- Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHl), where values above 0.25 are often