years and basically stalled in 2024. Developing 3-2). Service trade has continued its growth economies saw faster trade expansion, with trend since 2021, with its share in global tradetheir growth rate reaching 4% in 2024. Their 3-3). In terms of incremental growth, goods the start of the century to 45% in 2023, estab- trade grew by 2.3% in 2024, with an increaselishing them as the primary engine of global of approximately US$500 billion. Service trade went up by 8.8%, adding about US$700 billion trade, South-South trade has grown rapidly. In to the global trade growth. It is noteworthy that 2023, North-North trade volume was twice that of all other trade fows combined. Some of the in recent years, growing from US$6 trillion in 2021 to US$7.1 trillion in 2023, with an aver- ber states. Over the past five years, South-South age annual growth rate of 8.8%. Between 2021 and 2023, the share of global digital trade in rate of 5.5%, higher than that of North-North total international trade increased from 19.6% trade (3.3%). This expansion was fueled by regional trade within the Global South. Howev. er, South-South trade growth remains volatile, relying heavily on natural resources, and with ly faster trade growth. While developed econ- trade, their growth has slowed over the past five