in the following report: (European Climate, 2025). 3.2. Environmental and socio-economic sustainability Bioenergy in the EU must comply with a comprehensive sustainability assessment. RED Il (European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2018) requires economic operators to demonstrate fuels, regardless of their origin. Other EU directives, such as the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (2024/1760) and the Forced Labour Regulation (EU) 2024/3015, further integrate social and environmental safeguards across supply chains. From an environmental perspective, bioenergy offers benefits, although it requires careful management. Although biomass combustion can release air pollutants such as particulate matter, particularly from small-scale residential use, modern technologies effectively reduce these emissions. The RED Il mitigates concerns about land-use change, biodiversity loss, and promoting the use of residues or marginal lands. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is a future industrial option to achieve negative carbon dioxide emissions, deemed essential by the IEA to achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050. components, with much less dependence on Critical Raw Materials compared to other clean energy technologies. Resource efficiency is also emphasized by the cascading use of biomass and the