country costs an additional UsD 43.2 million, which accounts for 37.6 percent of the total cost (i.e., from discovery to commercialization to regulatory approval).16 domestically. However, several countries have simplified the approval process whereby approval Regulatory approval does not guarantee adoption by farmers in a country. Pricing, input availability, farmer awareness, and infrastructure also matter. Availability: Countries with strong innovation ecosystems are more likely to generate, adapt and adopt GM technologies for their local agro-ecological conditions. Argentina, Brazil, Canada Affordability: Crops, trees and plants with GM technologies tend to be more expensive in the average gross farm income from using the seed for cotton, soybean and maize crops).