shaped trade dynamics during the quarter. Overall, global manufactur- that erode stability and predictability, notably heightened geopolitical protectionist trade policies in leading economies. Collectively, these come in the third quarter of 2025, with exports expanding by more than 5 per cent. Europe also recorded solid quarter-over-quarter growth of 3.1 per cent, supported by a robust performance across many European economies, including the region's major exporters, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Latin facturing exports (2.4 per cent), largely driven by Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico, while Brazil experienced a decline of 0.41 per cent. Asia and Oceania (excl. China) recorded another quarter of significant growth, with manufacturing exports increasing by 2.0 per cent with respect to the previous quarter. This growth was primarily driven by Australia, Indonesia, Taiwan Province of China, and Viet Nam, all of which posted expansion rates above 4 per cent, while India's manufac- turing exports stagnated. China reported comparatively lower growth of 0.87 per cent in the third quarter of 2025. In contrast, Northern America registered the weakest regional performance, with manufac- turing exports declining by 2.9 per cent. Within the region, the two