2025 saw a recovery in Irish cereal production, tillage farms recovered to around 47,200 in 2025, though many have mixed enterprises and notably stronger winter wheat yields. Total cereal output is estimated at 2.23 Mt, above the five-year average of 2.10 Mt. Higher yields, with increased carryover stocks, at a time when world grain prices eased for a third consecutive year, intensity of roughly 0.64 t CO2e/ha and low feed commodities put overall pressure on prices.nitrogen and phosphorus balances. Teagasc of feed grain, which often competes on price cereals. The combined effect of larger stocks, 7.4%, a saving comparable with most other