(GVA). Germany was the largest contributor among the EU Member States with the highest turnover in 2023 at EUR 3 billion. Italy came in second place in turnover at EUR 0.69 billion. The analysis of the ratio between GVA and turnover reveals a different ranking in terms of value creation. Italy had the highest GVA ratio in 2023, with a GVA of EUR 0.35 billion on a turnover of EUR 0.690 billion. This translates into a GVA rate on turnover of around 50.7%. Germany with a GVA of EUR 1.34 billion on a turnover of EUR 3 billion. This translates into a GVA rate on turnover of around 44.7%.