49. Agricultural public expenditures include OECD functional classification, which focuses on the spen- ding on crops, livestock, fisheries, forestry, and irigation but exclude rural development, food safety, and non-agriculture-related health failures. Note that the OECD classification with the programs.20 The review highlights the complexity distribution across various ministries, agencies, and state-owned entities, as well as the fragmen- tation of public expenditure management. It also 2023. Some in-depth topics, however, extend beyond reporting, ad hoc spending in response to crises, and expenditures hidden within broader programs. comprehensively for 2018 to 2023, and it als0 And it disaggregates agricultural subsidies, offering addresses certain key expenditure trends for 2024. a detailed breakdown by program and item, and 50. The government increased its agriculture-re- direct farmpayments, as debt write-offs, and general lated expenditures from UzS 24.9 trillion (Uzbeki- (equivalent to USD 2.3 billion).21 This constitutes public resources went for the repayment of IFls loans a nominal increase of 9.2 percent. Expressed in 2.3 billion USD, but with a drop to 1.9 billion USD iture analysis to avoid double counting, reached UzS these updated data, 3.7 trillion UzS were written off in 2022 and 3.5 trillion UzS in 2023. However, because these data were received while the report was already being prepared for publication, this is not reflected in the analysis. comparable agricultural shares and per capita and opportunity costs. Agricultural expenditures