Figure 1.1. Fish production in Peru, 2012-2022

0.8% of Peru's total gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022 (PRODUCE, 2023[1). Depending on the oceanic conditions, which directly influence anchoveta production and that of other commercial species like jumbo flying squid, the contribution of the fisheries sector to the economy can vary between 0.7% and 1% of total GDP. Total consumption of fish products in Peru was 26.2 kilogrammes (kg) per capita in 2022, higher than the global average of 20.7 kg and higher than the OECD average consumption of 25.1 kg largest fish producer in the Americas (FAO, 2024[3). Between 2012 and 2022, total fish production "Aquaculture production", OECD Data Explorer, http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/default.aspx?datasetcode=FISH_AQUA. Peru's fishing sector relies heavily on the Peruvian anchoveta, which accounted for 77% of the country's total fish landings (by volume) and is the basis of its fishmeal and fish oil industry. This was followed by directly affects anchoveta biomass and distribution. During El Nino events, the anomalous warming of the reductions in total catches and socio-economic impacts (Coayla et al., 2023[7j; Hilborn and Hilborn, 2019[81).