Mulesing, defined as the removal of wool-bearing strips of skin from between the hind legs (the breech area), tail skin folds, or tail skin wrinkles of sheep to prevent flystrike, Since New Zealand banned mulesing in 2018, Australia, which holds around 21%' of the global greasy wool market, is now the only country where the practice continues. Therefore, exist: traditional mulesing using shears, freeze mulesing (steining) with liquid nitrogen, and the use of rubber rings, commonly employed for tail docking or castration, to remove loose skin from the breech area. In September 2019, Four Paws due to the severe pain it causes sheep. Both organizations, along with Textile Exchange, oppose any form of breech of breech mutilation or modification, including steining. However, the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) only includes using mulesing shears" in its definition.2 1 IWTO, 2024. Market Information. Edition 19. 2024 data was not available so 2023 is used as a proxy. 2 Australian Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines for Sheep prepared by Animal Health Australia, V1.0 2016. 3 The total greasy wool production volume for Australiareported by AWEX (318,000 tonnes) is lower thanthe volume reported by IWTO(405,983tonnes) due to the AWEXtotal only including fresh shorn woolvolumes, whereas the IWTOtotalalsoincludes estimates of wool from skins and live exports.