554 GW to a probable 602 GW. Structural uncertainty remains than that of China.The USA added 43 GW in 2025 to reach 268 GW cumulative, while Brazil added roughly 14GW (a significant even in large and comparatively mature datasets, choices as well as on reported values. This is particularly methodologies, as in most countries across the world) and reached 66 GW. Growth remained heterogeneous across the boundary, while market reality is better described by another. region, with smaller markets such as Chile, Mexico and Argentina adding capacity, but at levels insufficient to materially alter regional share. In the USA in particular, the systems, expressed in W or Wp on the module DC side. connection and interconnection constraints, of which a not Some countries, however, report the power output of the PV inverter, or the authorised grid connection power level on the and component availability, which increasingly determine the AC side. In these cases, the values indicated in this report have pace at which announced projects are commissioned. announced pipelines. Saudi Arabia increased from 6.7 GW system design, local regulation and commercial optimisation. utility scale systems were commissioned, while South Africa For small systems, this difference may remain limited. For reached 12 GW and the United Arab Emirates 8.9 GW. Even so, large utility-scale systems, itis now a material reporting issue. Pacific, Europe and the Americas. This suggests that a AC ratios between about 1.1 and 1.5, with the PV array annual energy yield. This design choice is increasingly driven by both technical and economic factors: low module prices, growing curtailment risk, storage coupling and limited grid IEA PVPS counts all PV installations, grid-connected and off- rather than instantaneous peak power alone. grid, and complements reported data with expert estimates architecture, and the relationship between installed PV module power, inverter capacity and contracted or show that effective ratios can be higher, with values above 1.7 captured in official statistics. This approach seeks to reconcile reported values, expert judgement and market evidence in increasingly observed in some project categories. In India, usually assumed for conventional PV plants. The first order to provide a coherent basis for international comparison. examples already exceed 5. These do not always describe above 1.7 including projects such as the NU Energies SJVN inverter-loading ratios in the strict conventional sense, but