movements of the index (2025 vs. 2024) reveals clear three horizons, outpacing other regions through stronger and institutional capacity. Emerging Europe and the Middle East both show positive long-term trajectories, in Emerging Europe, where institutional pressures and geopolitical strains have weighed on recent performance. contrast, high-income economies show limited movement across all horizons, consolidating their structural lead at the top of the global resilience ranking.
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