0.20 standard deviations for psychological systematically by region and by wellbeing measure. ( complaints, and O.15 standard deviations for life vulnerable with respect to psychological complaints, e evaluation, capturing moderate and statistically significant associations at the population level. Second, there is substantial cross-national variation in magnitude. Some countries show associations tenth to one-fifth of a standard deviation). The that are stronger than the international average, while others cluster closer to the dashed line. For psychological complaints, countries such as the upper end of the distribution, indicating a wellbeing. Two broad descriptive patterns stand psychological distress (for example, coefficients of around 0.18-0.21, equivalent to roughly First, the association between PSMU and adolescent one-fifth of a standard deviation). At the other end, countries such as Kazakhstan, Georgia, and countries. In all national contexts, higher PSMU generally positive and statistically significant. lower life evaluation. Across countries, the A similar dispersion is visible for life evaluation, served school characteristics and to avoid biased estimates, controlling for age, gender, and frequency of social line. Sample size: n = 331,240. Estimates are weighted with survey sampling weights and 95% confidence intervals shown. Effects for all regions were statistically significant at the 99.9 level (p > O.o01).